How Does a Second Mortgage Differ from a First Mortgage?
A second mortgage typically refers to a secured loan that is subordinate to another loan against the same property. Proceeds from a second mortgage can generally be used by the borrower for any purpose. Often proceeds from second mortgages are used to pay off consumer debt, such as credit cards or car loans. Proceeds can also be used for home improvements, college tuition, or to take a vacation. Some borrowers use second mortgages to secure lines of credit for future needs.
Until a few years ago, the total amount of debt from the 1st and 2nd mortgages combined could exceed 80% of the total market value of the home. Recently however, low interest rates combined with a competitive marketplace have created a lending environment where some lenders have approved 2nd mortgages that, when combined with the balance due on the 1st mortgage, total as high as 125% of the home value.
Most financial advisors will warn you that carrying that much debt on your home is never a good idea. In my practice, I never recommend borrowing more than 100% of the value of your home and would rarely recommend a second mortgage with a loan to value of greater than 90%.
A 2nd mortgage will always be subordinate to the 1st mortgage. In the event of a default and foreclosure , the property is sold with the proceeds first used to pay the 1st mortgage (including any legal costs and other costs of the sale). The remaining proceeds can then be applied to the 2nd mortgage. If there is not enough money remaining from the sale of the home, the 2nd mortgage does not get paid.
Why A Higher Interest Rate?
When determining the interest rate that a lender is willing to loan money out for a home mortgage, he looks at the risk level to him for loaning that money. This is the reason that a high risk borrower with a poor credit history gets charged a higher interest rate than a low risk borrower with a strong credit history.
The same theory holds true with a second mortgage. Because the lender of the second mortgage is second to be paid off in the event of a default, and because there is a greater chance that there might not be enough equity in the home to pay off the second mortgage in full, second mortgages are usually given at a higher interest rate than are first mortgages; irregardless of who the borrower is.
2nd Mortgage Terms
Even though you may be offered several options for terms for your second mortgage, the terms offered will most likely be shorter than those of a first mortgage. This is primarily due to the fact that the amount of the second mortgage is generally much lower than that of the first mortgage.
Second mortgage repayment terms can vary considerably, so it is important that you look around for the one that is best for you. For the most part they range in length from 5 to 20 years, with the majority of second mortgage loans being 10 to 15 years. A select number of lenders will offer a 30 year amortization and some of them will balloon (set a maturity date) of 15 years. This loan is called a 30 due in 15. Generally, just like first mortgages, the longer the maturity, the higher the interest rates. Also, just like first mortgages, the higher the credit score (FICO) the lower the interest rate.
Types of Second Mortgages
Just as the length of the second mortgage can vary, so can other repayment terms. However, the majority of second mortgages are paid back in equal monthly payments with a portion of the payment going to interest and a portion to the principal balance, just like a first mortgage.
The two most common types of second mortgages are the fixed rate and the home equity line of credit (HELOC). The former is a standard offering. The home equity line of credit is a little unique and has been very popular. The loan typically calls for interest only payments for the first 5 to 10 years and then the line of credit is frozen at the outstanding balance of the loan. At that point, the loan payments are recast and a standard principal and interest payment is established for the remaining 10 to 20 years. The HELOC’s are typically priced with a variable interest rate that is most commonly indexed to the New York City prime interest rate.
Pricing on the HELOC’s is like other loan pricing; the lower the FICO score and the higher the loan to value, the higher the interest rate.
When contemplating a second mortgage, do your homework, shop around and then talk to lenders to ensure that you are getting the best deal!
